How Are Multi-Gene Panels Different from BRCA Gene Testing?
The main difference between multi-gene panels and testing for BRCA genes is the scope. BRCA genes found with Empower, VistaSeq and Myriad tests focus specifically on identifying mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, two of the most well-known genes linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. If either gene is mutated, it loses its protective function and increases your risk of developing pancreatic, breast, uterine or ovarian cancer in women, as well as prostate or pancreatic cancer in men.
The BRCA genes test offers valuable information, but it provides a limited view. If you’re looking for a more complete understanding of your inherited cancer risk, a multi-gene panel may be a better option. If your BRCA test comes back negative, a panel may still detect mutations in other genes. These panels look for genes associated with many other cancers. When undergoing a genetic test for cancer at Cohen Medical Practice (CMP New York), you’re screened for a wider range of genetic mutations all at once, including:
- Homologous recombination (HR) repair genes
- Mismatch repair (MMR) genes
- Breast cancer susceptibility genes
- Other genes linked to hereditary cancer risks
What Are the Benefits of Early Detection through Genetic Testing for Cancer?
Genetic testing helps you understand whether you carry inherited gene mutations linked to cancer, often years before any symptoms appear. Once you know you carry a genetic mutation that increases your cancer risk, you don’t have to wait.
If you test positive for a cancer-associated gene mutation, you and your doctor can take meaningful steps to reduce your risk, including:
- Earlier and more frequent screenings, like mammograms and colonoscopies
- Preventive surgeries, such as mastectomy or removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes
- Medications that lower cancer risk, like hormone-blocking drugs
- Lifestyle changes that support your long-term health
A genetic test for cancer doesn’t just benefit you, it helps your family too. If you test positive for an inherited mutation, your blood relatives may also be at risk. They can get tested to determine whether they carry the same mutation and if so, take their preventive steps. This level of early detection empowers you and your loved ones to stay ahead of hereditary cancer risks.
How Does Hereditary Genetic Testing Work?
Before any sample is taken, your doctor reviews your personal and family medical history. This determines whether hereditary testing is appropriate for you and which specific genes to test. The most effective options usually include full panels such as Empower, VistaSeq and Myriad tests, ideal when you want the best hereditary genetic testing.
The testing process starts with collecting a simple sample that contains your DNA, which carries the genetic information needed for testing.
Collection is easy and may involve:
- Saliva sample. You spit into a sterile tube.
- Cheek swab. A cotton swab is rubbed inside your cheek to collect cells.
- Blood draw. A quick blood sample is taken from your arm.
Once your sample is sent to a specialized laboratory, technicians isolate and analyze your DNA. The lab looks for known mutations or changes in your genes associated with inherited cancer risk. These changes may impact how your body repairs DNA damage, regulates cell growth or suppresses tumor formation. Once your results are in, your doctor explains them to you.
The findings usually fall into one of three categories:
- Positive. A mutation linked to higher cancer risk was found, but it doesn’t mean you have cancer now.
- Variant of uncertain significance. A genetic change is found, but its impact on cancer risk is unclear.
- Negative. No harmful mutations were detected in the tested genes.
How Do BRCA Genes or Multi-Gene Panel Tests Determine My Cancer Risk Assessment?
When it comes to cancer, early awareness is one of your strongest tools. Genetic tests like Empower, VistaSeq and Myriad multi-gene panels evaluate your inherited risk for certain cancers, often before you have the disease.
Hereditary genetic testing provides a wealth of information, including:
- Revealing inherited risk. The tests identify genetic mutations that increase your risk for cancers like breast, ovarian or colon cancer, helping you make pertinent healthcare decisions.
- Customizing screenings. If you’re at higher risk, your doctor may recommend earlier or more frequent tests like sonograms or Pap smears.
- Guiding preventive actions. Based on results, you may consider preventive surgery, risk-reducing medications or lifestyle changes.
- Informing treatment choices. If you have cancer, your results can help doctors choose targeted therapies best suited to your genetic profile.
- Supporting family planning. You may consider undergoing further tests like preconception genetic testing if you plan on having children and discover you carry BRCA genes.
Once you have your results, review them with your doctor, who provides compassionate, understanding genetic counseling. Your NYC doctor helps you interpret the findings and explain what your risk level means to your health.
Located in Midtown Manhattan, the CMP New York practice specializes in gynecology and personalized care for women at every stage of life. Contact the team today to schedule an appointment with a trusted doctor about BRCA genes and Empower, VistaSeq and Myriad genetic tests for cancer. Take a proactive step toward understanding your risk and safeguarding your long-term health.